Atrial Septal Defect Occluder Device Embolization: Experience of a Tertiary Care Cardiac Center

Background: Percutaneous device closure of atrial septal defect (ASD) has become an increasingly popular procedure as it offers several advantages. However, it is associated with infrequent, but life?threatening complications such as device embolization. Objective: To analyze the risk factors, common sites of embolization, associated complications, timing of embolization, and the treatment executed. Settings and Design: A retrospective study was performed at a tertiary referral center for cardiac services. Material and Methods: Pre?procedure, intra?procedure, and post?procedure data of patients whose ASD device embolized was collected retrospectively and analyzed for risk factors, common sites of embolization, associated complications, timing of embolization, and the treatment executed. Results: Thirty devices were embolized, out of which 13 were retrieved percutaneously in the Catheter laboratory, whereas 17 patients underwent surgery. Fourteen patients had an unfavorable septal morphology for device closure. Ten devices were embolized in the catheter laboratory, five in the intensive care unit, and two in the ward. The devices were embolized to almost all chambers of the heart and great vessels. One patient had an inferior vena cava rim tear while attempting percutaneous retrieval. One patient required a short period of total circulatory arrest (TCA) for retrieval of the device from ascending aorta, while another required a lateral position for retrieval from descending aorta. One patient required re?exploration for bleeding, while another had an air embolism and succumbed. Conclusions: Once embolization occurs, the risks associated increase manifold. Most of the surgical extractions are uneventful; however, there could be certain complications that may need repair of valvular apparatus, the institution of TCA, or the need for the lateral position. Air embolization though very rare can occur which could be fatal.

Autism Spectrum Disorders-A Review on The Preventive Aspects

Autism Spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder presenting with defects in social commu-nication skills and repetitive sensory motor behaviour. There has been increasing concern regarding this dis-order due to its increase in incidence and prevalence in recent years. Since it stays for lifelong and has no spe-cific pharmacological treatment, many studies are being conducted to find ways of preventing this disorder. Better understanding of the causative factors will lead to better development of prevention strategies. This review aims at highlighting the methods of prevention of ASD which are mostly focussed on the environmen-tal factors causing ASD as well as the ongoing researches on development of drugs and genetic modification using animal models. Some studies have shown preventive effects of factors such as nutrition supplements such as Vitamin D and folate, breastfeeding and avoiding exposure to harmful chemicals and drugs. The aim is to prevent the occurrence of the disorder and preventing the severity of symptoms wherever possible. Still more studies are needed to establish the exact association between the possible causative factors and ASD so that clinical trials can be done to establish the preventive effects in future.

Early Identification of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): Strategies for Use in Local Communities

Early diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is essential for improved outcomes. There is a paucity of data on the prevalence of ASD in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), but early identifcation may be further delayed in those communities. In this paper, recent studies on strategies for the early detection of ASD, and the prevalence of ASD in LMIC are reviewed. The limitations that can arise in the early identifcation of ASD in LMIC communities are discussed, and screening tools and strategies that can be helpful are identifed. The goal is to recommend models that are culturally appropriate and scientifcally valid, easily integrated within community settings while strengthening community systems and reducing disparities in the early identifcation of ASD. Starting locally by simplifying and demystifying the ASD identifcation process and building community connections will inform global researchers and policymakers while making a diference in the lives of the children and families afected by ASD.

A STUDY ON PATTERN AND CLINICAL PROFILES OF CONGENITAL HEART DISEASES IN TERTIARY CARE CENTRE, KAKINADA.

BACKGROUND: Congenital heart disease is an abnormality of anatomical structure of the heart that is of paramount importance. The incidence is approximately 8 per 1000 live births. CHD not only contributes to signi?cant mortality and morbidity but also causes tremendous psychological stress and economical burden to whole family. OBJECTIVE: To study the pattern and clinical pro?le of congenital heart diseases in a tertiary care hospital and to aid for early stdetection and quick referral of children with congenital heart disease In this study, done between January 1 2020 to RESULTS: june 31st 2021, 54 children with con?rmed congenital heart disease were observed. ACHD was the most common type of CHD and of them, VSD was the most common type, followed by ASD. Based on sex distribution, 31 were male (55.5%) and 23 were female (44.5%), with a male: female ratio of 1.25:1. Most children belonged in the age group 6m – 1year (46.2%) followed by (42.5%) in 30days – 6months age. The common clinical presentation observed in this study was breathlessness. The common complication observed in the current study was heart failure followed by malnourishment and recurrent LRTI.

Totally Endoscopic MICS via Left Atriotomy Using a Right-Side Approach for Patch Closure of an Unroofed Coronary Sinus Atrial Septal Defect / 日本心臓血管外科学会雑誌

A 51-year-old male was unexpectedly diagnosed with unroofed coronary sinus atrial septal defect (CSASD) by coronary computed tomography angiography for a complaint of epigastric pain. As there was no persistent left superior vena cava (LSVC), we planned to undertake a totally endoscopic MICS approach. A 4-cm skin incision was made on the right lateral chest wall under general anesthesia. The 4th intercostal space was used to enter the chest and the right femoral vessels were cannulated for cardiopulmonary bypass. After cross-clamping of the aorta, a right-sided atriotomy incision was made on the left atrium. The CSASD was located at the ventral and caudal regions of the mitral valve and the defect was closed using a bovine pericardial patch. No major postoperative complications were observed. The patient was discharged 7 days after the operation as postoperative transthoracic echocardiography revealed no residual shunt. We thus observed that totally endoscopic MICS patch closure via left atriotomy using a right-side approach for CSASD without LSVC was beneficial to the patient.

ASD and ADHD in children: a preliminary study / TEA e TDAH em crianças: um estudo preliminar / TEA y TDAH en niños: un estudio preliminar

Early detection of ADHD symptoms in autistic children can significantly impact the course and prognosis of the disorder. The present study aimed to screen the symptoms of ADHD in autistic children using the Brazilian version of Swanson, Nolan and Pelham rating scale ­ 4th (SNAP-IV) applied to 72 parents of children diagnosed with ASD, as well as to assess whether there was a significant difference between children who used words to communicate of those who did not speak any words. The findings revealed a significant frequency in the pre-sentation of symptoms of inattention and of hyperactivity and / or impulsivity, when comparing children who had diagnosis of ASD, but who did not have the symptoms of ADHD. Regarding language, no significant differences were found in this preliminary study. In general, this finding can be considered clinically worrying, especially when considering that the subclinical symptoms of ADHD may overlap in possible interventions

A detecção precoce dos sintomas de TDAH em crianças com autismo pode impactar significativamente o curso e o prognóstico do transtorno. O presente estudo teve como objetivo rastrear os sintomas de TDAH em crianças autistas usando a versão brasileira do Questionário de Swanson, Nolan e Pelham versão IV (SNAP-IV) aplicada em 72 pais de crianças com diagnóstico de TEA, bem como avaliar se havia diferença significativa entre as crianças que usavam palavras para se comunicar daqueles que não falavam palavra alguma. Os achados revelaram alta frequência na apresentação dos sintomas de desatenção e de hiperatividade e/ou impulsividade, ao comparar crianças que tinham diagnóstico de TEA, mas que não apresentavam os sintomas de TDAH. Em relação à linguagem, não foram encontradas diferenças significativas neste estudo preliminar. Em geral, a alta frequência dos sintomas do TDAH clinicamente preocupante, principalmente quando se considera que os sintomas subclínicos do TDAH podem se sobrepor em possíveis intervenções

La detección temprana de los síntomas del TDAH en niños con autismo puede afectar significativamente el curso y el pronóstico del trastorno. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar los síntomas del TDAH en niños con autismo utilizando la escala SNAP-IV de la versión brasileña aplicada a 72 padres de niños diagnosticados con TEA, así como evaluar si había una diferencia significativa entre los niños que usaban palabras para comunicarse los que no dijeron ninguna palabra. Los hallazgos revelaron frecuencia significativa en la presentación de síntomas de inatención y de hiperactividad y/o impulsividad, al comparar niños que tenían el diagnóstico del TEA, pero que no presentaba los síntomas del TDAH. En cuanto al lenguaje, no se encontraron diferencias significativas. En general, este hallazgo puede considerarse clínicamente preocupante, especialmente si se considera que los síntomas subclínicos del TDAH pueden superponerse en posibles intervenciones

Factores nutricionales y alimentarios asociados al desarrollo y comportamiento del Espectro Autista: Un resumen de la evidencia

La incidencia de individuos con Trastorno Espectro Autista (TEA) va en aumento. Por lo tanto, es importante la detección oportuna de la condición y conocer los factores de riesgo asociado a nutrición, en especial porque se trata de una población nutricionalmente vulnerable. Desde la última década, las investigaciones han aportado evidencia sobre los mecanismos que subyacen al TEA. Se ha comprobado la coexistencia de diversas complicaciones asociadas al TEA, tales como: trastornos metabólicos, deficiencias nutricionales y condiciones asociadas a la microbiota y funcionalidad gastrointestinal, que podrían estar relacionadas con la etiología o comportamiento en este grupo en particular. Es de suma importancia realizar un resumen de la evidencia con la finalidad de entregar información relacionada a los factores alimentarios y nutricionales asociados a modificación de comportamiento en TEA y desarrollo del mismo, para llevar a cabo una evaluación e intervención oportuna e individualizada, con un enfoque multidimensional, sistémico, multi e interdisciplinario.

The incidence of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is increasing. Early detection of the condition and recognizing risk factors associated with nutrition is essential, mainly because this population is nutritionally vulnerable. In the last decade, research has provided evidence on the mechanisms underlying ASD. The coexistence of various complications associated with ASD, such as metabolic disorders, nutritional deficiencies, and conditions associated with the microbiota and its gastrointestinal functionality, have been proven to be related to the etiology of behavior in this particular group. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to summarize the evidence to provide information related to dietary and nutritional factors associated with behavior modification in ASD and to carry out a timely and individualized assessment and intervention, with a multidimensional, systemic, multi and interdisciplinary approach.

Diagnóstico do autismo em meninas: Revisão sistemática / Diagnosis of autism in girls: Systematic review

O Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) é um transtorno do neurodesenvolvimento, com diferentes etiologias, presente em ambos os gêneros. O objetivo desse estudo foi compreender sobre o diagnóstico do TEA em meninas por meio de uma revisão sistemática. Os descritores utilizados: TEA no sexo feminino; autismo em meninas; diagnóstico do autismo em meninas; diagnóstico do autismo e diagnóstico do TEA, nas bases de dados SciELO, Google Acadêmico e LILACS nos últimos 10 anos (2012-2021). Os resultados mostraram que, dos 20 estudos analisados, 50% confirmam o subdiagnóstico no gênero feminino e 40% desses estudos mencionam o diagnóstico tardio. Em relação à sintomatologia por gênero, 45% dos meninos apresentam comportamentos repetitivos e estereotipados, 25% das meninas apresentam dificuldade sociocomunicativa. Os instrumentos mais utilizados na avaliação do TEA são: ADOS, ADIR, M-CHAT. Os resultados mostraram que os sinais do TEA nas meninas são muitas vezes camuflados, passando despercebidos, contribuindo com o subdiagnóstico ou diagnóstico tardio.

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder, with different etiologies, present in both genders. The objective of this study was to understand the diagnosis of ASD in girls through a systematic review. The descriptors used: ASD in females; autism in girls; diagnosis of autism in girls; diagnosis of autism and diagnosis of ASD, in the SciELO, Google Academic, and LILACS databases on the last 10 years (2012-2021). The results showed that of the 20 studies analyzed, 50% confirmed the underdiagnosis in feminine gender and 40% of these studies mentioned late diagnosis. In relation to the symptoms by gender, 45% of the boys have repetitive and stereotyped behaviors, 25% of the girls have socio-communicative difficulties. The most used instruments in the assessment of ASD are: ADOS, ADIR, M-CHAT. The results showed that the signs of ASD in girls are many times camouflaged, it is going unnoticed, contributing to underdiagnosis or late diagnosis.

Comparison of Effect of Combined Intravenous Amiodarone and Surgical Closure of OS ASD in Adults with Surgical Closure alone on Sinus Conversion of Concomitant Atrial Fibrillation — A Retrospective Case Series Analysis

Closure of Atrial Septal Defect has been proposed to increase conversion of concomitant Atrial Fibrillation (AF) to Normal Sinus Rhythm (NSR). Amiodarone is known to convert AF to NSR. Our findings support the use of single intraoperative dose of intravenous Amiodarone for increased conversion of pre-operative AF to NSR in OS ASD patients undergoing closure on CPB, although the effect was short lasting

Estabilidad diagnóstica de niños con trastorno del espectro autista en la adolescencia (TEA). Funcionamiento ejecutivo, socio-adaptativo y conductual / Diagnostic stability of children with autism spectrum disorder in adolescence (ASD). Executive, socio-adaptive and behavioral functioning

Resumen Las características de individuos con trastornos del espectro Autista (TEA) persistente (TEA-P) o con TEA remitente (TEA-R) en el tiempo son poco conocidas. Este estudio longitudinal se planteó con tres objetivos: 1) determinar la tasa de persistencia/recuperación en la adolescencia de niños con diagnós tico TEA; 2) comparar el funcionamiento ejecutivo (FE), manifestaciones socio-adaptativas y conductuales de adolescentes TEA-P y TEA-R; y 3) identificar el porcentaje de individuos de los grupos TEA-P y TEA-R con puntuaciones normalizadas en FE y manifestaciones socio-adaptativas y conductuales en la infancia (T1) y en la adolescencia (T2). La muestra en el Tiempo 1 estuvo integrada por 45 niños con TEA (edad 7 a 11 años) de los que 32 mantenían el diagnóstico del trastorno 5 años después. Los padres y profesores cumplimentaron cuestionarios de FE, teoría de la mente (ToM), manifestaciones socio-adaptativas y conductuales en T1 y en T2. El grupo con TEA-P presentó significativamente más problemas y peor evolución en FE, características socio-adaptativas y conductuales que el grupo TEA-R. Los hallazgos destacan la variabilidad de la trayectoria evolutiva del TEA y la necesidad de realizar un seguimiento psicoeducativo y médico frecuente en este trastorno del neurodesarrollo.

Abstract The characteristics of individuals with persis tent ASD (ASD-P) and remittent ASD (ASD-R) are little known. This longitudinal study had threeobjectives1) To determine the persistence and recovery in children with autism spectrum disorder diagnosis in adolescence: 2) To compare executive functioning (EF), socio-adaptive and behavioral manifestations of ASD-P and ASD-R adolescents; and 3) to identify the percentage of normalized individuals in ADS-P and ADS-R groups in EF, socio-adaptive and behavioral manifestation in childhood and adolescence. The sample at T1 was comprised of 45 children with ASD (aged 7-11), maintaining 32 ASD diagnosis five years later. Parents and teachers completed questionnaires on EF, theory of mind, socio-adaptive and behavior difficulties, at both time points. The ASD-P group presented significantly more problems than group ASD-Rand showed worst evolution in EF, socio-adaptive and behavioral domains. Our findings highlight the variability of developmental trajectories of children with ASD.

Short Term Outcome in Sleep Disturbance Intervention in Children with ASD in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Bangladesh

Aim: The aim of this study was to identify the relationship between sleep patterns and behavioral difficulties in children with ASD using sleep disturbance treatments. Methods: We selected a total 41 children with sleep disorders as study population. The sleep services (behavioral sleep management techniques) were given by the child development center team of Dhaka Shishu Hospital comprising of physician , developmental therapist and psychologist. Children were split into eight groups and two gender divisions based on their age, and they were then studied over a period of 6 months . Sleep disorders were investigated both before and after intervention. Results: The results revealed that the children抯 sleep dysfunction improved from before, with the lowest improvement percentage decreasing from 62.9 percent to 51.8 percent and the greatest improvement percentage increasing from 100 percent to 59.2 percent, whereas a sleep problem showed no change at all (sleepwalking). Conclusion: The study has tried and succeeded to an extent to intervene in the sleep dysfunction process of children with ASD in a tertiary care hospital. However, there is still much to learn about the clinical efficacy of these types of behavioral interventions in children with ASD who have sleep disruption.

Knowledge about Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) Predicts Motivation to Volunteer: A Cross-Sectional Survey among Psychology Students (Pengetahuan mengenai ASD merupakan peramal untuk kesukarelawanan: Kajian keratan rentas dalam kalangan pelajar Psikologi) / Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia

@#Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and their parents require support from the community, and could profit from volunteer work involving the family. At the same time, university students demonstrate a high willingness to volunteer in community initiatives such as work involving children with ASD. This study aims to examine the relationship between ASD knowledge and the motivation to volunteer among university students. Students (N=150) from a private university in the Klang Valley, Malaysia, participated in this study. Instruments utilized in this study were the Stone Autism Survey and Volunteer Functions Inventory. The results indicated that a higher level of ASD knowledge was the strongest predictor of higher motivation to volunteer after adjusting for relevant demographic factors and exposure to ASD children. Meanwhile, female and Hindu participants reported a significantly higher motivation to volunteer. This study emphasizes the need to increase factual knowledge about ASD among university students, and any effort to encourage students to volunteer in helping individuals with ASD should include knowledge sharing about this population.

Risk factors and clinical nursing strategies of acute stress disorder in patients with liver cirrhosis, portal hypertension and upper gastrointestinal bleeding / 中国基层医药

Acute stress disorder is a transient mental disorder caused by sudden and unusual stressful life events or persistent difficulties in a period of time after acute traumatic events. Cirrhotic patients with portal hypertension complicated by upper gastrointestinal bleeding suffer from immediate or rapidly developing symptoms, which often lead to acute stress disorder. This review summarizes risk factors and clinical nursing strategies of acute stress disorder, so as to provide evidence for starting early intervention, strengthening clinical nursing, and improving prognosis and mood.

Correlation between symptoms of autism in children and personality traits in parents / Correlação entre sintomas de autismo em crianças e traços de personalidade em pais / Correlación entre síntomas de autismo en niños y rasgos de personalidad en padres

Parents of children with autism spectrum disorder may be more likely to have a mental disorder, both due to genetic and environmental reasons. A cross-sectional study involving 161 children, 161 mothers and 108 fathers. Diagnosis followed the criteria established in DSM-5. Symptom severity was evaluated using the Childhood Autism Rating Scale. The Factorial Personality Inventory served to evaluate parents' personality traits. Several correlations were found between mothers and fathers personality traits and children symptoms. In both parents, personality traits associated with greater intransigence/less flexibility and fewer social skills were those associated with more severe autism symptoms in the children.

Os pais de crianças com transtorno do espectro do autismo podem ter maior probabilidade de ter um transtorno mental, devido a razões genéticas e ambientais. Estudo transversal envolvendo 161 crianças, 161 mães e 108 pais. O diagnóstico seguiu os critérios estabelecidos no DSM - 5. A gravidade dos sintomas foi avaliada usando a Escala de Classificação do Autismo na Infância. O Inventário Fatorial de Personalidade foi utilizado para avaliar os traços de personalidade dos pais. Várias correlações foram encontradas entre traços de personalidade de mães e pais e sintomas de crianças. Em ambos os pais, os traços de personalidade associados a maior intransigência / menor flexibilidade e menos habilidades sociais foram os associados a sintomas mais graves de autismo nas crianças.

Los padres de niños con trastorno del espectro autista pueden ser más propensos a tener un trastorno mental, tanto por razones genéticas como ambientales. Se trata de un estudio transversal con 161 niños, 161 madres y 108 padres. El diagnóstico siguió los criterios establecidos en el DSM-5. La gravedad de los síntomas se evaluó mediante la Escala de calificación de autismo infantil. El Inventario Factorial de Personalidad sirvió para evaluar los rasgos de personalidad de los padres. Se encontraron varias correlaciones entre los rasgos de personalidad de las madres y los padres y los síntomas de los niños. En ambos padres, los rasgos de personalidad asociados con una mayor intransigencia / menor flexibilidad y menos habilidades sociales fueron los asociados con síntomas de autismo más severos en los niños.

Construct Validity Of Indonesian Language Version Of Childhood Autism Rating Scale™ Second Edition

@#Combination of The Childhood Autism Rating Scale™ Second Edition - Standard Clinical Tool (CARS2-ST) with criteria for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5) is thought to improve diagnostic process. To meet diagnostic needs, localized, Indonesian-translated version of CARS2-ST is developed. Therefore, assessment of construct validity of the Indonesian-language translated CARS2-ST must be performed. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Child Development Center in Surabaya, Indonesia from August to December 2019. Diagnosis of ASD then performed by using CARS2-ST and DSM-5 criteria. To assess construct validity, principal components analysis and Kaiser-varimax rotation was performed for CARS2-ST in order to determine factors. DSM-5 criteria for ASD was used to compare scale.There were 201 children aged 2 - 6 years old with reported speech and behavior problems. Sixty-six children were diagnosed for ASD. Factor analysis using Kaiser-varimax rotation indicates a significant two factors: social communication and interaction factor and restrictive stereotyped behaviors and sensory factor sensitivites. The factors satisfyingly reflects the criteria for ASD in DSM-5.Construct validity of Indonesian-translated version of CARS2-ST is confirmed, as shown by its correspondence with DSM-5 criteria for diagnosing . This study supports the continued relevance of the Indonesian CARS2-ST in ASD assessment.

Empatia Afetiva e Cognitiva no Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA): uma Revisão Integrativa da Literatura / Affective and Cognitive Empathy on the Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): An Integrative Literature Review

RESUMO A literatura vem apontando um crescente interesse pelos estudos sobre como a empatia, em seus componentes cognitivo e afetivo, desenvolve-se em pessoas com Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA). Assim, esta revisão integrativa da literatura teve o objetivo de investigar a empatia, em seus componentes cognitivo e afetivo, em indivíduos com TEA e fatores associados. Para isso, efetuou-se uma busca por artigos científicos nas bases de dados PubMed, ERIC e PsycINFO. Adotaram-se as palavras-chave e marcadores booleanos Autism [or] ASD (Autism Spectrum Disorder) [and] Empathy. Como resultado, foram recuperadas 180 publicações, das quais 26 foram analisadas. Os critérios de inclusão foram estudos empíricos - correlacionais e de intervenção - que abordassem as relações entre empatia e TEA, indexados nas bases de dados aqui mencionadas entre os anos de 2005 e 2020. As categorias resultantes da análise foram: empatia afetiva e cognitiva, diferenças associadas ao gênero na empatia e diferenças associadas à idade e ao Quociente de inteligência(QI) em pessoas com TEA. Verificou-se que a empatia cognitiva, que envolve a inferência de emoção do estado mental de outra pessoa, pode ser reduzida em pessoas com TEA, enquanto a empatia afetiva, que se refere à capacidade de compartilhar a emoção dos outros, não apresenta déficit. Além disso, alguns estudos apontaram para a importância do ensino de responsividade empática em crianças com TEA. Contudo, não foram encontrados artigos em bases brasileiras sobre o tema, assinalando uma importante lacuna de pesquisas sobre a empatia em pessoas com autismo no cenário nacional.

ABSTRACT Literature has shown a growing interest in studies on how empathy, regarding its cognitive and affective components, can be developed in people with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Thus, this integrative literature review aimed to investigate empathy, in its cognitive and affective components, in individuals with TEA and associated factors. For this, a search for scientific papers was carried out in the PubMed, ERIC, and PsycINFO electronic databases. The keywords and Boolean operators Autism [or] ASD (Autism Spectrum Disorder) [and] Empathy were adopted. As a result, 180 publications were found, and 26 were analyzed. The inclusion criteria were empirical pieces of research - correlational and intervention - that addressed the relationship between empathy and ASD, indexed in the databases already mentioned between 2005 and 2020. The categories resulting from the investigation were: affective and cognitive empathy, gender differences in empathy, and differences related to age and Intelligence Quotient (IQ) in individuals with ASD. The studies showed that cognitive empathy, which involves the inference of emotion from another person's mental state, can be reduced in people with ASD, while affective empathy, which refers to the ability to share the emotions of others, does not suffer the same deficit. In addition, some studies have pointed to the importance of teaching empathic responsiveness in children with ASD. No studies were found in Brazilian databases on the topic, signaling an important research gap on empathy in people with autism on the national scene.

Evidências de validade convergente Raven e R-2 em crianças com TEA / Evidence of convergent validity Raven and R-2 in children with ASD / Evidencia de validez convergente Raven y R-2 en niños con TEA

Visando ampliar os estudos relacionados à avaliação da inteligência de crianças com Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) este estudo investigou a relação entre os testes não verbais de inteligência R-2 e Raven, avaliando 30 crianças com TEA, grau leve e moderado, de idade entre 5 e 11 anos e 9 meses. Os dados foram analisados de forma padronizada e os escores da amostra evidenciaram níveis intelectuais dentro da média no Raven e médio superior no R-2. Com alta correlação e convergência (coeficiente r = 0,897) estes resultados creditam o R-2 como um instrumento psicométrico potencial na avaliação da inteligência no TEA.

Aiming to expand the studies related to the assessment of the intelligence of children with Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) this study investigated the relationship between the non-verbal tests of intelligence R-2 and Raven, evaluating 30 children with ASD, mild and moderate, of age between 5 and 11 years and 9 months. The data were analyzed in a standardized, way and the sample scores showed intellectual levels within the mean in Raven and upper mean in R-2. With high correlation and convergence (coefficient r = 0.897) these results credit R-2 as a potential psychometric instrument in the assessment of intelligence in ASD.

Con el objetivo de ampliar los estudios relacionados con la evaluación de la inteligencia de los niños con trastorno del espectro autista (TEA), este estudio investigó la relación entre las pruebas no verbales de inteligencia R-2 y Raven, evaluando a 30 niños con TEA, leve y moderada, de edad Entre 5 y 11 años y 9 meses. Los datos se analizaron de manera estandarizada y las puntuaciones de la muestra mostraron niveles intelectuales dentro de la media en Raven y la media superior en R-2. Con alta correlación y convergencia (coeficiente r = 0,897) estos resultados acreditan a R-2 como un instrumento psicométrico potencial en la evaluación de la inteligencia en TEA.

Implementación de un Programa Multidisciplinario de Evaluación para pacientes con Trastorno del Espectro Autista. Experiencia chilena en un hospital público; resultados preliminares / plementation of a Multidisciplinary Evaluation Program for Patients with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Chilean Experience in a Public Hospital; Preliminary Results.

El aumento en la prevalencia de los Trastornos del Espectro Autista (TEA) ha influido en la necesidad de contar con equipos de experiencia formada para su evaluación. En este esfuerzo es que en la unidad de salud mental ambulatoria del Hospital Exequiel González Cortés se implementó un programa de evaluación multidisciplinario para pacientes con sospecha de TEA. Entre los meses de abril y julio del presente año han sido evaluados 15 pacientes, en su mayoría varones con una edad media entre 6 a 10 años, encontrando que un 30% correspondía a un TEA y un 57% a otros diagnósticos como Retraso Global del Desarrollo y Trastornos Emocionales, entre otros. Los resultados confirman la importancia de contar con profesionales competentes con las habilidades para realizar el diagnóstico de estos pacientes.

The increase in the prevalence of the Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) influenced the need of having trained experienced teams for its evaluation. In this effort a multidisciplinary evaluation program for patients with suspected ASD was implemented in the Ambulatory Mental Health Unit of the Exequiel González Cortés Hospital. Between the months of april and july of 2020, 15 patients have been evaluated, mostly male, with an range of 6 to 10 years of age. We found that 30% corresponded to an ASD and 57% to other diagnoses such as Global Development Delay and Emotional Disorders, among others. The results confirm the importance of counting with trained teams with the skills to make the diagnosis in these patients.

Effect Of Manual Therapy (MET) Vs Conventional Therapy For Improving Tendo-Achilles (TA) Flexibility And Foot Posture In Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder

Background: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a disorder of neurodevelopment, which affects individuals across social, ethnic, and geographic groups. Autistic children have difficulty with gross motor and fine motor functioning difficulties, including a wide range of signs and symptoms. Toe walking due to TA tightness is commonly observed gait in autistic children altering foot posture in them. The knowledge about the abnormalities can be useful for the assessment and treatment planning of ASD children. We evaluated TA tightness, ROM of the ankle joint, and compare the effect of manual therapy (MET) and conventional therapy for improving TA flexibility and foot posture. Methods: An RCT included 20 diagnosed autistic children(13male,7female) as per inclusion criteria the subjects were divided into two groups, i.e., group A and B, the group A was given Conventional Therapy in the form of passive stretching whereas Group B was given Manual Therapy in the form Muscle Energy Technique. The participants were clinically examined and evaluate TA tightness in the form of Elastography, Range of motion, and foot posture. Data were taken as pre and after post-intervention. Results: There were significant changes in elastography readings, foot posture index, and range of motion in both groups post-intervention, but significant improvement was observed in group B as compared to group A, i.e., p>0.05. Conclusion: This has been concluded that there is a significant effect of Manual therapy in the form of muscle energy technique for improving TA flexibility and foot posture as compared to conventional treatment.

Review and update of ultrasonic vocalization in animals: Correlation with autism spectrum disorder experimental models? / Revisão teórico-integrativa na atualização sobre vocalização ultrassônica em animais: correlação com o modelo de transtorno do espectro autista? / Revisión y actualización de la vocalización ultrasónica en animales: ¿correlación con el modelo del trastorno del espectro autista?

The ability to understand and to communicate is essential for the adapted social and cultural development of children. Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are characterized by social interaction deficiencies in the verbal language domain and may incur in repetitive, stereotyped, and restricted gestural behaviors. Regarding animal models in ASD, many studies focus on gene expression, cortical neuronal migration and cell maturation, and neural network deficits. However, very few studies directly link animal oral communication and gene expression in cortical areas of language. The object of our study aimed to review and to correlate genes involved in ASD and those related to ultrasonic communication in animal model studies of language-based social behavior at the PubMed database. The PubMed search yielded 25 selected papers. Some findings showed critical genes, which modulate several aspects of verbal communication. Most of these genes can be markers of communication deficits.

A capacidade de compreender os outros e comunicar-se com eles é fundamental para o desenvolvimento das crianças durante o desenvolvimento típico. Entre os desarranjos sociais, o transtorno do espectro autista (TEA) é caracterizado por deficiências de expressão e interações, em que ocorrem comportamentos repetitivos, estereotipados e com particularidade restrita. Com o objetivo de entender melhor a correlação entre o TEA e estudos de experimentação em comunicação ultrassônica em modelos animais, foi realizada uma revisão teórico-integrativa na base de dados PubMed, sendo selecionados 25 trabalhos. Evidenciou-se, com base nos achados, o papel relevante e promissor de determinados genes que modulam os aspectos de comunicação. Esses genes, em sua grande maioria, podem ser marcadores de déficits de comunicação.

La capacidad de comprender y comunicarse es esencial para el desarrollo social y cultural adaptado de los niños. El trastorno del espectro autista (TEA) se caracterizan por deficiencias de interacción social en el dominio del lenguaje verbal y pueden incurrir en comportamientos gestuales repetitivos, estereotipados y restringidos. Con respecto a los modelos animales en TEA, muchos estudios se centran en la expresión génica, la migración y maduración neuronal cortical y los déficits de la red neuronal, pero muy pocos son los estudios que relacionen directamente la comunicación oral animal y la expresión génica en áreas corticales del lenguaje. El objetivo de nuestro estudio tuvo como objetivo revisar y correlacionar genes involucrados en TEA y aquellos relacionados con la comunicación ultrasónica en estudios con modelos animales de comportamiento social basado en el lenguaje en la base de datos PubMed. La búsqueda en PubMed arrojó 25 artículos seleccionados. Algunos hallazgos mostraron genes críticos, que modulan varios aspectos de la comunicación verbal. Esta evidencia puede ofrecer la oportunidad como biomarcadores genéticos para los déficits de comunicación en los desórdenes en el neurodesarrollo.